"On October 16, 2014 at the office of the Russian Venture Company (RVC), an expert seminar "The Neuronet Roadmap" was held with the participation of Stephen Dunn, director of Starlab Neuroscience Research; Karen Casey, creator of the Global Mind Project; Randal A. Kuhne, CEO of the Science Foundation Carboncopies.org and the founder of NeuraLink Co.; Mikhail Lebedev, Senior Researcher An employee at the Neuroengineering Center of the Department of Neurobiology at Duke University Medical Center (M. Nicolelis Laboratory); Evgeny Kuznetsov, Deputy General Director of RVC. The seminar was conducted by the co-founders of the Russian Neuronet Group Pavel Luksha and Timur Shchukin, as well as the head of the RVC Innovation Ecosystem Development Service Georgy Gogolev.
On behalf of the ASI [Agency for Strategic Initiatives], the group "Designers of Communities of Practice" prepared a report on future neural markets. On July 1, 2015, the first report on the National Technology Initiative (NTI), a long—term program that should ensure Russia's leadership in global technology markets by 2035, was presented to the President of Russia. The day before, in May of the same year, Neuronet was present among the 9 NTI markets discussed during the next "Foresight Fleet". ASI and RVC should conduct an examination of the NTI roadmap for the Neural network market and coordinate it with federal executive authorities by January 1, 2016.
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Expected stages of development
Ideas about the stages in the development of the Neural network differ for obvious reasons. So, according to M. Lebedev, connecting the brain to global networks will be available to rich people by 2020, in another 5 years the Neural network will become a publicly available commodity, and by 2030 this topic will already lose scientific interest. From the point of view of Maxim Patrushev, Director of the Chemical and Biological Institute of the Baltic Federal University, the Neural Network will replace the Internet by 2035 at most. Raymond Kurzweil promises a hybridization of thinking after 2030. Hans Moravek expects the human brain to be connected to an artificial apparatus at the time of the technological singularity in 2045.
In Pavel Luksha's presentation at the expert seminar "Neuronet Roadmap" at RVC in October 2014, three stages were identified on the way to the Neuronet: 1) Biometrinet (pre-Neuronet) — from 2014 to 2024; 2) the origin of the Neural Network — from 2025 to 2035; 3) the emergence of a full—fledged Neural Network - after 2035. The stages of the formation of the Neural Network proposed in the report on neural markets developed for ASI are considered below.
First stage (2015-2020)
At the first stage, the sprouts of the future network appear unevenly. The human connectome is generally compiled, scientists are busy creating a universal connectome. Modeling of the brain as a whole has not yet been completed, but entire sections of it have already been modeled. The main trend of the first stage is the spread of wearable devices with biofeedback (biofeedback), household appliances are connected to the Internet of Things everywhere, augmented reality systems are being distributed. The bit depth of analog-to-digital converters is increased to 32 bits, which allows you to increase the dynamic range of interfaces. The problem of electricity transmission through the wearable computer network is being solved. Wearable devices accumulate arrays of big data, an independent niche of biometric BigData appears.
The first samples of artificial muscles are emerging, bioprostheses and exoskeletons are used to restore and enhance human abilities. Voiceless communication projects like Silent Talk have been completed. Bioelectronic (English) Russian medicine is beginning to crowd pharmaceuticals. Wearable devices are used in psychotherapy and group work. Business schools teach management of the simplest mental states (relaxation, concentration of attention).
Intelligent personal software agents are gradually spreading and improving. Neurotechnologies are entering the pet market because there are fewer legal restrictions on the introduction of new solutions. The experience of cooperative interaction (crowdsourcing, joint consumption) is gradually accumulating in the economy, and the software for collaboration is being improved.
Second stage (2020-2030)
There is a Neural Network prologue consisting of two directions. Firstly, it is a "biometric Web" as a network of devices that read the physiological parameters of a person. Brain mapping has already been completed, scientists have switched to modeling individual mental processes first, then to recreating mental states. Researchers are also interested in the evolution of the human brain and "neurogenome". High-temperature superconductors have dramatically reduced the cost of magnetoencephalography (MEG), neurointerfaces become inconspicuous, penetrate into the human body, and it becomes possible for them to interact with the unconscious. Augmented reality systems transmit not only images, but also sounds, smells, and tactile sensations. The cheapness of neural interfaces turns them into a generally accepted standard of human-computer interaction. There is a market for the sale of data on behavioral strategies, their suppliers are manufacturers of software for wearable devices.
Many body systems can be artificially duplicated: the immune system, peripheral nervous system, maintenance of blood composition, etc. The list of studied natural altered states of consciousness is being updated. There are automatic stimulators of states (at the same time, they support not only the functions of relaxation or increasing concentration), the exchange of emotions is used in group psychotherapy, accelerated learning systems have been created. Semantic translation (English) of Russian is implemented, the first precedents of the description of nervous semantics appear. The emergence of electronic biological standards for working with data and protocols adapted to subcellular processes is possible, the use of quantum cryptography is not excluded.
Secondly, we are talking about the "collaborative Web" — an organizational model that can involve a person with any competencies in an orderly, purposeful communication. Thanks to standardized APIs, various social networks are integrated into what can be described as a "Network of Networks". Traditional control systems no longer cope with processing the variety of signals generated by the Internet of Things. The methodology of soft systems (Eng.)rus. and organizational flexibility (Eng.) Rus. are in vogue, the role of the computer as a mediator is growing in interaction support systems (Eng.) rus. Computer expert systems are used for risk management. The first experiments of the Neural Network are being conducted, the creation of neurocollectives is in demand in massively multiplayer online games.
The third stage (2030-2040)
At this stage, full-fledged foci of the Neuronet arise and gradually spread. Scientists accept the thesis about the sociality of consciousness, thinking and the psyche, as a result of which they move from modeling the brain to modeling collectives. Attempts are being made to assemble a model of hybrid intelligence. Sensors are approaching nanoscale, in addition to robots of ordinary size, collectives of quasi-living micro robots are emerging. Neurointerfaces based on MEG (magnetoencephalography) are as common as they are today[when?] mobile phones. Electronic devices are beginning to experience competition from optogenetic subcellular interfaces.
Many professional activities are carried out in altered states of consciousness, and artificial types of such states are constructed. The semantic web is supplemented by "biosemantics" (it means semantic analogues of the activity of biosystems). Protocols for the transmission of "raw" neural data are emerging, the first precedents of neural communities are emerging. The basis of such communities is the exocortex and people, collectives and intellectual agents united around it. In neurocollectives, it becomes possible to directly transfer experience through the attunement of people, the creation of artificial experience. The neural network helps in resolving individual and group conflicts.
The fourth stage (after 2040)
The neural network covers the entire field of communications
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