11 My son, do not despise the Lord’s discipline,
and do not resent his rebuke,
12 because the Lord disciplines those he loves,
as a father the son he delights in.

I should add that the 'punishment' view is what is presented in the Old Testament, and that it is 'old' for a reason.
Christ established a New Covenant. In Christ, humanity can be said to have reached maturity - and understood in this way, we can see how in the OT God punishes as a reinforcement lesson that sin leads to suffering, in the same way parents punish a child to reinforce that whatever wrong they did is wrong. Sometimes the natural consequence is direct (eating too many candies and getting a stomach ache), sometimes indirect (playing games for too long instead of doing productive things and then going nowhere in life), but the punishment is a reinforcement of the message, it's not itself the message.
And when children grow, this kind of action decreases as the child should have learned by now the true message. It is the same in OT and NT. In the Gospels, you never see Jesus punishing, in fact you see quite the opposite, that ultimately no matter how much we sin, if we repent, we can be saved because God is ultimately Love itself - which is «patient and kind» and «not jealous or boastful or proud or rude». You can see it in the Prodigal Son (in the older view, he should punished, not rewarded) as in the story of the adulterous woman - in the latter case, Christ not only does not punish, but prevents the punishment. The Pharisees want to punish, and Christ wants to forgive and simply say 'Go and sin no more', no punishment, just a loving pointer towards the right direction.
I think it's important too to remember that we are all evil. That's one of the central, most important concepts in Christianity. You never become a good person, you just hope for salvation through Christ.Not every evil person gets their comeuppance in this life and some even manage to get away with their evil. Like Pol Pot who died a natural death with no regrets. But believers will always get the discipline in order to develop righteousness.
Ecclesiastes 7, 15-18:
15 All things have I seen in the days of my vanity: there is a just man that perisheth in his righteousness, and there is a wicked man that prolongeth his life in his wickedness.
16 Be not righteous over much; neither make thyself over wise: why shouldest thou destroy thyself ?
17 Be not over much wicked, neither be thou foolish: why shouldest thou die before thy time?
18 It is good that thou shouldest take hold of this; yea, also from this withdraw not thine hand: for he that feareth God shall come forth of them all.
I think it's important too to remember that we are all evil. That's one of the central, most important concepts in Christianity. You never become a good person, you just hope for salvation through Christ.
OP's question is complicated and I don't have anything close to a sure answer, but I'm inclined to say "not necessarily":
He punishes us in this life, to draw us to Him that we might use it toward our sanctification.Does God do so in a similar regard to 'Bad Karma', in terms of cause & effect, and a rolling judgement throughout one's life?
Or is His judgement administered solely in the afterlife?
Have no fear when Satan accuses you based on your sins. The Righteous Branch will remove your filthy garments and cloth you with pure vestments.Satan definitely capitalizes on them.
1Then he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the Angel of the Lord, and Satan standing at his right hand to oppose him. 2And the Lord said to Satan, “The Lord rebuke you, Satan! The Lord who has chosen Jerusalem rebuke you! Is this not a brand plucked from the fire?”
3Now Joshua was clothed with filthy garments, and was standing before the Angel.
4Then He answered and spoke to those who stood before Him, saying, “Take away the filthy garments from him.” And to him He said, “See, I have removed your iniquity from you, and I will clothe you with rich robes.”
5And I said, “Let them put a clean turban on his head.”
So they put a clean turban on his head, and they put the clothes on him. And the Angel of the Lord stood by.
The Coming Branch
6Then the Angel of the Lord admonished Joshua, saying, 7“Thus says the Lord of hosts:
‘If you will walk in My ways,
And if you will keep My command,
Then you shall also judge My house,
And likewise have charge of My courts;
I will give you places to walk
Among these who stand here.
8‘Hear, O Joshua, the high priest,
You and your companions who sit before you,
For they are a wondrous sign;
For behold, I am bringing forth My Servant the BRANCH.
9For behold, the stone
That I have laid before Joshua:
Upon the stone are seven eyes.
Behold, I will engrave its inscription,’
Says the Lord of hosts,
‘And I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day.
10In that day,’ says the Lord of hosts,
‘Everyone will invite his neighbor
Under his vine and under his fig tree.’ ”
Does God do so in a similar regard to 'Bad Karma', in terms of cause & effect, and a rolling judgement throughout one's life?
Or is His judgement administered solely in the afterlife?
If you are a son of God then He will chastise you if you sin, but this is out of His love for you.Does God do so in a similar regard to 'Bad Karma', in terms of cause & effect, and a rolling judgement throughout one's life?
Or is His judgement administered solely in the afterlife?