I find a strange fear of symbols on the part of some Christians, as if all folklore has to be purged of symbolism if it's not an explicit depiction of Christian themes. Societies have various layers, and Christianity doesn't have to remove the layers below to stand up top. In fact, it can only stand atop healthy levels. You can't impose a Church on top of a people, you have to build it from the people. If the people are rotten, nothing can be used. If they are healthy, then the crown won't fall off. So of course there are 'levels' of different paganisms and we can rank them, but that is almost irrelevant today, and focusing on how this symbol was used by whoever for whatever, doesn't mean anything - precisely by the fact that European paganism has disappeared. Its come back is, by necessity, a new thing. We should understand it, why it's appearing, what is it offering that the Church isn't offering? There seem to be more and more 'blood and soil' type groups appearing. Is blood and soil incompatible with Christianity? Or is it a pre-requisite?
So while I agree with almost everything you wrote, I think the framing or the focus is rather unhelpful - and this applies to any complex topic. In the texts of the Early Church, including Paul's Letters, they seem to focus a lot on convincing people that not everyone has to be a monastic, because so many, including those not meant for it, wanted to follow a life a full contemplation and removal from the world. The Church then would argue extensively that not everyone was suited for monasticism, and that marriage and family were the path of sanctification for those who are not. In today's world however there is a much higher need to speak of monasticism and its importance because it has virtually disappeared - no matter how the family and marriage have degraded it still exists wholly and holy in many places. Monasticism on the other hand is gone. So the emphasis now should be on that rather than this. It's one example where a complex topic has to be tackled, not as a monolith, but as understood and with relation to the current society, with what is most needed right now. And I tell you, we need some lower layers, we need some common symbols which aren't part of some multinational franchise, which aren't trademarked and copyrighted, which are local. We need common stories without sponsored merchandise.
Why are so many people flocking to paganism? Clearly something is missing in the modern world, and many people feel that the Church has become part of that world - maybe even created it - and so reject it. Perhaps the fault lies in the Church and the Christians, who are not setting a good example, are not offering a true refuge from the awful modernity and instead have become entranced by it. The problem today is not how paganism is turning people away from the Christ, it's how Christians are doing it. If the pagan banner is leading people to detach from the world and adhering to tradition, if it's leading to the creation of local communities who help each other, if in the end it is a vehicle for people to love their neighbor and build something in accordance with the natural law, they may not call His name, and they may not know they are serving Him, but they are learning how. You can convert such a people to Christ. Can you do the same with nominally Christian zionists, churchianians, queer theologians and the rest of them, who try to fit Jesus into whatever insane fad the upside down world offers as new dogma?
So I find that telling pagans they are worshipping demons to be a bad strategy. St. Paul did not enter Athens telling them this. He saw a monument to an 'unknown' god, and told them he was coming to make Him known to them.
I don't think we fundamentally disagree, but there are some key things I want to push back on here.
First of all, I live in Vietnam. Before that, I was in Thailand for over a year. I literally pass Buddhist shrines, Buddhist monks, and statues to Hindu gods all the time when leaving my house.
Needless to say, I get along with pagans quite fine, and I don't go around calling them demon worshippers.
But the pagan gods are demons. I was specifically responding to your claim that this is a "puritanical" teaching -- it's not. It's the teaching of the Church for milennia. In fact, the Western Church used to be much stronger in its condemnation of these practices.
However, you're definitely right that the Church Fathers used paganism as a way to relate Christianity, and that Christianity does not have to completely destroy the underlying culture. And it hasn't. Orthodox countries like Russia and Greece still have strong connections to their pre-Christian culture and folklore.
Monasticism and symbolism are also alive and well in the Orthodox Church. The post-Soviet monasteries are not quite as full as they were during pre-Soviet times, but they're still there and there are still plenty of monks in them. And there have been dozens of monasteries opened in the US within the past 50 or so years.
I do agree that Western men need to rediscover these things, but I don't think they're something that is fundamentally "lacking" from Christianity.
Finally, moving onto the 'why' of paganism, I'm gonna break this up into a few key points, since I don't want to write an essay:
1. There are certainly some people who are drawn to it because of symbolism or tradition or nature. But there are also some "blood and soil" types who are simply degenerates who hate God. A large portion of the Viking's interaction with the Christian West involved sacrificing priests to pagan gods, desecrating religious sites, torturing defeated enemies for sport, dishonoring Christian holidays, and selling Christian prisoners into slavery. There are many people who are drawn to that tradition precisely because of these distinctly anti-Christian characteristics.
The Israelites were repeatedly drawn into complete degeneracy, even as God was personally leading them through the desert and feeding them manna from heaven. Moses went up a mountain to talk to God, and by the time he came down, they were worshiping an idol. In other words, some people are always going to be drawn into rebellion.
2. Paganism and occultism have been on the rise in the West for several hundred years. It was extremely prevalent during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, in Victorian England, in Revolutionary France, and it's all over America, on our money, at our capital, etc. And if you look at the work of someone like Michael Hoffman, it started infecting the Catholic Church long ago.
Many Russian writers have also traced the downfall of Russia to the occult and pagan practices introduced during the reigns of Peter I and Catherine I. This is one of the controversies that created the Slavophile movement, the split with Old Believers, etc.
Then, of course, there is the occult ideology that under girds nearly all of modern society, from pop culture to science. So, in many ways, you could say that the modern West's current ills are a result of
too much paganism, not too little.
3. I think you underestimate the danger and destructiveness of many of these ideas and practices. The reason that symbols, ritual, religious practices, etc. matter is because they have real power, beyond the material or even mental world. Not only are the Church Fathers clear about the nature of paganism, they are clear that engaging in pagan practices, even without knowing their meaning, is very harmful.
Even participating in rituals that we don't know are rituals is thought to have power in occult circles.
That doesn't mean we have to literally purge every single thing that could possibly be connected to paganism, but I think the idea of "oh, just go be pagan for a bit, and then come back to Christianity" is a little naive. As was pointed out in the recent thread on the Greek church banning yoga, even "secular" "exercises" like meditation and yoga can cause people serious issues in the long run.
4. In my opinion, one of the things that is most missing in the West is objective truth. So, again, you don't have to run around calling people demon worshippers, and you can give people truth in spoonfuls, but I'm not going to adulterate the truth because it is difficult for people to hear. I'm not saying that's what you're suggesting, but I think there's a difference between not calling every pagan you meet a demon worshipper and saying that the pagan gods aren't demons. The first is fine, but the second is fundamentally untrue.