Seems like there is more to human intelligence than binary computing alone. There might be a quantum mechanics type mechanism that is associated with the neuronal microtubules.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule
It`s a fascinating hypothesis at least, and could explain why machine intelligence and biological/human intelligence manifest so differently. Meaning that computers are extremely stupid in a very smart way so to speak. They are incredible at very narrowly defined tasks like mathematics, but equally dumb compared to say humans in other areas, and there is no indication that regular computation can solve this. Of course, if the theory is correct, then quantum computing could perceivably create machines that really could think and surpass humans. But that is totally in the blue and the moment, and may never come to fruition. I think were pretty safe for the time being at least.
I worked on AI for about a year and half. One of the conclusions I came to is that the current neural network-based standard of AI is not much of a threat to achieve true AI because it is not how the human mind works (and they are trying to somewhat recreate the human mind in a computer).
Also, I concluded that one of the main reasons for this just happens to be that a lot of these scientists and mathematicians leading the AI charge believe in human evolution and are thus focused not on higher-order logical algorithms but instead on lower-level animalistic intelligence algorithms based on raw pavlovian learning, which simply is not the full story.
In other words, they think they can achieve true human-like intelligence solely through algorithms that mimic reward/punishment systems and continually refine themselves, much like teaching a mouse how to complete a maze by either shocking him or giving him cheese. This does work for solving hyper-focused problems, but there is no semantic meaning behind any of it. In this way, it does seem like this is how humans behave in matters involving instinct or subconscious training (what I refered to as animalistic intelligence algorithms because these are primarily how animals operate), but they are thinking these algorithms also apply to conscious thought.
Another clue that neural networks are not accurate representations of the human mind is that for most NNs, you need a lot of cases/examples (often thousands) of whatever it is you are teaching it in order for it to "learn" the pattern. Humans often can sense patterns after just a few cases/examples.
Another clue is that the actual pattern or rule that the NN spits out is never clean or comprehensible and never applies with perfect accuracy. What I mean by this is that if you give a human 100 measurements involving force, mass, and acceleration, a human could come to the conclusion that F=MA, whereas if you give a NN those same measurements, it would only ever come up with, at best, a formula like F = (1.003456M)*(1.000955A). I'm heavily simplifying this for the purposes of this example, but NN's don't ever induce clean algorithms the likes of which that are found in nature.
So given all of this, I have to conclude that NNs at best can only mimic lower-tier mental processes and do not explain what is going on with regards to our intellectual gift from God that separates us from animals.