I know there's a post minimum in the Politics subforum, but I've been a member here a long time and I've contributed to plenty of forum members' professional advancement in real life so I'm just going to go ahead and drop an anecdote here because this topic hits close to home. I won't post again unless it's necessary to respond to this specific posting.
I come from one of those large, lower middle class, non-East Coast, Irish Catholic families. I'm talking the people who settled Oklahoma during the Land Run like in that Tom Cruise movie "Far and Away." Two generations later, a large number of those settlers' descendants moved west in the 30s with the rest of the Okies, but still married Irish Catholic almost exclusively. That has persisted basically until my generation. Both of my parents are Irish Catholic and pretty much all the names are too going back through the entire extended family tree. I know I'm going off on a tangent here, but I think no one intermarried because Oklahoma is Anglo-Saxon/Scots-Irish Southern Baptist/Methodist territory and there just weren't any other Catholic ethnicities like in parts of the upper Midwest. The same thing happened in the 30s in the areas of California they settled in. Anyway...
Unlike our distant cousins in the Eastern Seaboard or Chicago who have a history of voting Democrat due to union influence or political machine benefits, my family, both still in OK/KS and in CA, was solidly Republican leading into 2008. My dad has 10 siblings and my mom 4, making for an extended family of +40 on dad's side and 22 on mom's. I'd put it at 95% Republican at that time. That's a lot of white Catholic Republicans, a point I'll come back to in a minute.
That's the year (or maybe a couple of years before because of Iraq War fatigue) people started to switch. In 2008, it was mostly the women who fell for the Obama propaganda, but several of the men did too. For instance, my grandmother, someone who had never voted for a single Democrat before, voted Obama in 2008 and 2012. Several of my aunts also did the same. Oprah had really gotten to them.
What I noticed during those couple of years was that the homilies and prayers in unison (I don't remember the correct term for it) all became much more universalistic and "tolerant." Gone were the prayers for self-control, penance, and and personal connection with God. In their place there were prayers for community assistance, hopes for finding a job, return of parish troops from the war zones, and acceptance of others. Whenever I was visiting home, I'd go to mass with my parents and grandparents, but didn't think much of it because I really wasn't paying attention and really wasn't much of a believer (still not).
However, in hindsight, those mid-2000s were the time when the Church was really under pressure to cleanse it's "pedophile problem." I'm not going to create a conspiracy theory here, but things definitely changed during those years. In a way, I think the Church was shamed into becoming more "tolerant" and progressive by the media and various other groups holding the child molester charge over its head. For example, my grandparent's priest was implicated in that, which was something that brought bewilderment as well as shame.
Anyway, I think almost all of those family members who voted Obama in 2008 also voted for him in 2012, with all of the newly minted voters who turned 18 between elections also going Democrat.
Flash forward to today and the divide in the family is almost solely based on gender and schooling. Almost all of the women don't like Trump despite any attempt at reasoning with them (imagine that). I'd say 70% of the women are in the Hillary camp because Trump is "so vulgar and racist." I can't read their Facebook feeds. It's painful.
The men on the other hand are the polar opposite. Pretty much all of them, even the majority of those who voted Obama in 2008 and 2012, are unabashedly pro-Trump. I think the extended family has become much more right wing over the last 3 years. The only men who are not are the under 35 urban professional crowd who went to Catholic universities and UCs. I'm talking Notre Dame, St. Mary's, and Loyola Marymount, UC Santa Cruz crowd. All of those dudes are as anti-Trump as you can get. All of us who went to your Chico States/UNLVs of the world were spared that.
So to make an already too long anecdote short: the Church came under fire a decade ago for child sexual abuse and made a turn towards "progressivism." This turn, coupled with constant propaganda in the media, has shifted white Catholic women very far left. The men have also shifted but it's mostly those who have been indoctrinated via overpriced schooling, white collar conformity, and just general pussy ass millennial behavior.
In short, I'd agree with earlier posters that, outside of Boston and NY, white Catholics are more prone to vote Democrat, but I think the atrocious Catholic numbers in the OP are more due to immigrant Catholic groups like Hispanics, Filipinos, Nigerians, etc. What that means for Trump's strategy, I don't know.