I'm very glad you mentioned submarines. In the era of hypersonic anti-ship missiles, modern Navies will have to focus on building more and better submarines if they want to operate within a few hundred miles of hostile coast. I personally think if nuclear submarines are cost prohibitive, there is nothing wrong with diesel submarines. Other nations have quite competent diesel submarines, and you don't even need them to be extremely stealthy, just moreso than surface ships, and with the added inherent ability of being essentially immune to hypersonic anti-ship missiles unless surfaced. I think there should even be submersible escort carriers, since our current fleet carriers are just massive, albeit fast, targets.
I know Russia has some extremely competent submarines (particularly the Severodvinsk Class), but they are not numerous.
I have my reservations about the capabilities of the Chinese submarine force. For one, they are by and large smaller and less stealthy hulls which leads me to believe the US Navy would be able to pick them off from a distance and not give them much, or any, time to react.
Also, yes, the US military is losing competence, but the Chinese military is not without her weaknesses. Their maritime navigators are known to be terrible and their fighter pilots, with already inferior training, are now
dramatically cutting their fighter pilots' training.
I think in a fair assessment of the two countries military capabilities would be as follows:
US
- Declining power
- Advanced equipment, minus hypersonic missiles
- Superior training for fighter pilots, for now
- Overall superior air force and navy
China
- Larger industry
- Superior morale - questionable how much superior though with their lockdowns and suppression of dissent
- Rising power
- Home field advantage; can utilize shore based installations and weapons, including hypersonic missiles
It has all the markings of a
Thucydides Trap, where a rising power and an established yet declining power come into conflict. China has every interest to not escalate, assuming their General Secretary is not facing pressure to escalate conflict due to jingoistic tendencies within his military and from his people, but I do not believe this to be the case due to looking at Chinese history - they are much more capable of delayed gratification, so to speak, than the US Empire.
Edit: I will also mention that the US still has a somewhat effective meritocracy in place to choose her submariners and fighter pilots - it is nowhere near as bad as in the surface fleet or among more logistics and bureaucratic oriented parts of the military.